The power of difference
Diversity is crucial. The existence of different assortments of biological resources is essential for strengthening food and agricultural systems, as well as livelihoods, particularly in the current context of climate change.
Diversity offers the possibility of a balanced diet. Nutritional content varies a lot across and within species, making it possible for us to create different food combinations that cater to our needs. The existence of a diverse range of species and populations also reduces production’s dependence on time and place. Above all, diversity provides a kind of insurance. If a population declines, diversity is what assures the species can prevail. Without diversity, the danger of extinction is much higher.
Global food security relies, among other factors, on the availability of a diverse pool of plant genetic resources for agriculture. The germplasm - the set of genetic material passed on from generation to generation - is a valuable natural resource that offers insight into the genetic composition of species and is vital for conserving plant diversity. Germplasm conservation allows the preservation of endangered and valuable plant species worldwide for future proliferation and development.
Plant genetic resources are also essential for creating scientific knowledge. At the GREEN-IT Research Unit, some of our researchers maintain a large collection of seeds, kept in cold storage, from various donations from several germplasm banks and expeditions from farmers’ fields in Portugal, collected throughout the years. These seeds are used to create the knowledge necessary to face the many challenges that currently threaten biodiversity, such as the emergence of new diseases or the increased occurrence of extreme weather events. Our researchers also contribute to preserving the production of traditional varieties, through participative research developed with farmers.
Furthermore, some GREEN-IT researchers also carry out programs set out to protect, preserve, and sustainably use plant genetic resources, in order to make crop systems more diverse and resilient. The role of these programs of conservation and improvement of genetic resources is fundamental for biodiversity and agriculture. These programs ensure the controlled evolution of the genetic resources to guarantee the selection of plant varieties best adapted to the new scenarios imposed by climate change.
The International Day for Biological Diversity, 22nd May, aims to raise awareness of the current biodiversity issues.
